In 2022, a spike in inflation made normally staid Series I savings bonds almost as popular as tickets to Taylor Swift’s Eras tour. I bonds issued between May and October 2022 earned a six-month composite rate of 9.62%, creating a surge in demand from yield-hungry investors that briefly overwhelmed the TreasuryDirect website.
I bond rates have since come down to earth; bonds issued between November 2023 and April 2024 pay a composite rate of 5.27%. Meanwhile, some certificates of deposit and high-yield savings accounts are paying more than 5%, and the recent yield on one-year Treasury bills topped 4.8%. Yields on Treasury inflation-protected securities (TIPS) — government securities that are indexed to the rate of inflation — are also attractive now, says David Enna, founder of Tipswatch.com, a website that focuses on I bonds and TIPS.
But I bonds may still provide some benefits for long-term investors, particularly those issued between November 2023 and April 2024. And cashing in your I bonds may mean giving up some interest — if you can cash them in at all.
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I bonds consist of two components: an inflation rate, which is based on the consumer price index and is adjusted every six months from the bond’s issue date, and a fixed rate that remains the same for the life of the bond (up to 30 years).
You can’t redeem an I bond in the first year, and if you cash it in before five years have passed, you’ll forfeit the most recent three months of interest. (If you check your bond’s value at TreasuryDirect.gov within the first five years of owning it, the amount you’ll see will have the three-month penalty subtracted from it.)
Weighing the options to cash in your I bonds
With that penalty in mind, if you’ve owned an I bond for longer than a year but less than five years, is it worth redeeming the bond — which means giving up some of the interest you’ve earned — so you can reinvest the money in a higher-yielding investment?
The answer depends on your goals, when you bought the I bond and the fixed rate for the bond, says Enna. For example, if you bought one in October 2022 — when many investors snapped up I bonds to capture the 9.62% rate for six months before the rate reset — your optimal redemption date was January 1, 2024, Enna says.
The reason: Those bonds earn a 0% fixed rate and transitioned in October 2023 to a composite rate of 3.38%, which is well below what you can get from short- term Treasuries. If you wait to cash in the bond until three months after the rate resets, the interest penalty will apply entirely to the 3.38% rate, rather than some portion of the penalty applying at the higher 6.48% rate that the bond earned during the previous six months.
“All I bonds purchased from May 2020 through Oct. 2022 have a fixed rate of 0.0%, so those are targets for redemption” says Enna. For I bonds purchased in September 2022, the optimal redemption date was December 1, 2023; for bonds purchased in August 2022, the optimal redemption date was November 1, 2023. Enna continued “I think all of those 0.0% I bonds are now paying either 3.38% or 3.94% — and have been for three months — so they could be targets for redemption.”
For I bonds purchased in November 2022 through April 2023 — which couldn’t be redeemed until at least November 2023 — your optimal redemption date depended on the inflation-adjusted rate announced on November 1. The bonds’ inflation rate is now 3.24%.
Enna advises to “target I bonds with a 0.0% fixed rate. If the fixed rate is higher, do not redeem. The fixed rate rose to 0.4% in November 2022 so any I bond purchased after that date should be held.
Likewise, you may want to hold on to I bonds issued between May and October 2023. Those I bonds have a fixed rate of 0.9%, which is the highest fixed rate in 16 years. No matter what happens to inflation in the future, you’ll lock in that rate for as long as you own the bonds.
“My rule of thumb is, if you have a very attractive fixed rate, hold on to it as long as possible,” Enna says.
Note: This item first appeared in Kiplinger's Personal Finance Magazine, a monthly, trustworthy source of advice and guidance. Subscribe to help you make more money and keep more of the money you makehere.
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