Risk/Reward in Trading - The Complete Guide for Traders (2024)

Learning to manage risk effectively is key to success as a trader. Good risk management helps minimize your losses and preserves the gains from your winning trades. By understanding the risk/reward ratio of any individual trade, you can better decide which setups to pursue and maximize your net profits.

In this guide, we’ll explain the concept of risk/reward in trading and how you can use it to manage your trading risk.

The Importance of Managing Risk as a Trader

Trading is about more than just winning trades. It’s also about managing risk and minimizing losses. The better you are at keeping losses small, the more you can boost your net profits from your winning trades.

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The importance of managing risk is underscored by the fact that a trader who wins just half of their trades can be profitable. The key is to keep your average loss smaller than your average profit.

What is Risk/Reward?

The risk/reward ratio is a measure of how much you stand to profit for every dollar you risk on a trade. It provides a measurement of the potential risk and reward for every trade, allowing you to objectively compare potential trades and refine your overall trading strategy.

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Using risk/reward ratios effectively requires you to know what a good risk/reward ratio is. A 1:1 ratio means that you’re risking as much money if you’re wrong about a trade as you stand to gain if you’re right. This is the same risk/reward ratio that you can get in casino games like roulette, so it’s essentially gambling. Most experienced traders target a risk/reward ratio of 1:3 or higher.

How to Calculate Risk/Reward

Calculating the risk/reward ratio for a trade requires that you know your entry price, your price target, and your stop loss. Your risk is equal to the difference between your entry and stop loss – that is, the amount you’ll lose if your trade stops out. Your reward is equal to the difference between your price target and entry price – that is, the amount you’ll gain if your trade goes according to plan.

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To give an example, say you’re interested in trading shares of Apple. You plan to enter a position at $165 per share and think the price will rise to $180. So, your reward is $15 per share ($180 – $165). To limit your downside, you set a stop loss at $160 per share. So, your risk is $5 per share ($165 – $160). Your risk/reward ratio for the trade is 1:3 ($5/$15).

Considerations for Trading with Risk/Reward in Mind

When using risk/reward ratios as part of your approach to trading, there are a few important things to keep in mind.

First, your risk and reward need to be realistic and accurate. Don’t always determine your price target and stop loss based on a desired 1:3 risk/reward ratio. Rather, you can determine your price target and stop loss first and then calculate your risk/reward ratio.

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Your price target could be based on a specific resistance level or technical indicator, and your stop loss could be placed below a support level. Look back at your past trades or setups to see how they evolved and determine what your price target and stop loss levels should be.

Importantly, for the risk/reward ratio to be meaningful, you have to stick to your trading plan. If you don’t fully commit to exiting a trade at your stop loss price, then your potential risk is unlimited.

It’s also important to be realistic about whether a trade will work. To go back to the example of Apple shares above, you could achieve a 1:15 risk/reward ratio if you set your stop loss at $164. However, the likelihood that your trade will stop out before achieving your price target is much higher. Think carefully about volatility and support levels when determining what stop loss to use for a trade.

Finally, make sure to think about the amount of money you’re risking in addition to your risk/reward ratio. The amount of money you risk is determined by the size of your position. So, choose a position size that you’re comfortable with in the context of your risk/reward ratio.

Conclusion

The risk/reward ratio of a trade is an objective way to measure how much money you stand to make per added dollar of risk. You can use risk/reward ratio to compare setups and to manage your overall risk while trading. When using risk/reward ratio, be careful about choosing realistic price targets and stop losses. Also remember that your position size determines the amount of money you are putting at risk in any trade. Lastly, the only effective risk/reward strategy is the one that you abide by not matter what your emotions tell you to do.

The information contained herein is intended as informational only and should not be considered as a recommendation of any sort. Every trader has a different risk tolerance and you should consider your own tolerance and financial situation before engaging in day trading. Day trading can result in a total loss of capital. Short selling and margin trading can significantly increase your risk and even result in debt owed to your broker.Please review ourday trading risk disclosure,margin disclosure, andtrading feesfor more information on the risks and fees associated with trading.

Risk/Reward in Trading - The Complete Guide for Traders (2024)

FAQs

What is the best risk reward for trading? ›

In many cases, market strategists find the ideal risk/reward ratio for their investments to be approximately 1:3, or three units of expected return for every one unit of additional risk. Investors can manage risk/reward more directly through the use of stop-loss orders and derivatives such as put options.

How do you calculate risk reward trading? ›

Risk/reward ratio = total profit target ÷ maximum risk price

If after calculating the ratio, it is below your threshold, you may wish to increase your downside target. Using a stop-loss order​​ when opening a position will close you out of your position at a certain point.

What is the risk reward in trading 101? ›

Your risk is equal to the difference between your entry and stop loss – that is, the amount you'll lose if your trade stops out. Your reward is equal to the difference between your price target and entry price – that is, the amount you'll gain if your trade goes according to plan.

What is the 1 risk rule in trading? ›

The 1% risk rule means not risking more than 1% of account capital on a single trade. It doesn't mean only putting 1% of your capital into a trade. Put as much capital as you wish, but if the trade is losing more than 1% of your total capital, close the position.

What is the best risk reward ratio for scalping? ›

For any stock you plan to scalp, you must understand the price supports, resistances and the set-up. From there, you can calculate the share sizing and the probabilities versus the risk. In scalping, a 3:1 risk to reward ratio is common (although, lower risk/reward is always more favorable).

Which trading has highest risk? ›

The 10 Riskiest Investments
  1. Options. An option allows a trader to hold a leveraged position in an asset at a lower cost than buying shares of the asset. ...
  2. Futures. ...
  3. Oil and Gas Exploratory Drilling. ...
  4. Limited Partnerships. ...
  5. Penny Stocks. ...
  6. Alternative Investments. ...
  7. High-Yield Bonds. ...
  8. Leveraged ETFs.

What is the win rate for professional traders? ›

Your Win Rate tells you how many of your trades are profitable, however this should never be confused with success as a trader. Many traders with high win rates are not profitable. Many studies have shown that many of the worlds most successful traders have win rates of between 40% and 50%.

Is 1.1 risk reward good? ›

Yes, but the higher your reward with respect to your risk, the lower your winrate will be. If your entry is based on the same strategy, your winrate with a 1:1 reward will be much higher than with a 1:3. So the idea is risk to reward should atleast be 1 is to 3.

How do you set up a risk reward? ›

Calculate risk vs. reward by dividing your net profit (the reward) by the price of your maximum risk. To incorporate risk-reward calculations into your research, pick a stock, set the upside and downside targets based on the current price, and calculate the risk-reward.

What is the best risk reward ratio for swing trading? ›

A common approach for setting profit targets in swing trading is to aim for a minimum reward-to-risk ratio of 3:1, meaning that for every percentage point risked, the trader aims to make three times that amount.

How to calculate the risk? ›

Risk is the combination of the probability of an event and its consequence. In general, this can be explained as: Risk = Likelihood × Impact. In particular, IT risk is the business risk associated with the use, ownership, operation, involvement, influence and adoption of IT within an enterprise.

What does 2R mean in trading? ›

Here's another example: Let's say you buy a stock priced at $500 and have a stop loss at $480, meaning that 1R is equal to $20. Then the stock's price increases to $540 and you take profit. You have taken $40 or 2R profit.

What is 90% rule in trading? ›

While it can be a lucrative venture for some, it is also known to be a high-risk activity. This is where the 90 rule in Forex comes into play. The 90 rule in Forex is a commonly cited statistic that states that 90% of Forex traders lose 90% of their money in the first 90 days.

What is the 5-3-1 rule in trading? ›

The numbers five, three, and one stand for: Five currency pairs to learn and trade. Three strategies to become an expert on and use with your trades. One time to trade, the same time every day.

What is the 3-5-7 rule in trading? ›

The 3–5–7 rule in trading is a risk management principle that suggests allocating a certain percentage of your trading capital to different trades based on their risk levels. Here's how it typically works: 3% Rule: This suggests risking no more than 3% of your trading capital on any single trade.

What is the best risk percentage for trading? ›

One popular method is the 2% Rule, which means you never put more than 2% of your account equity at risk (Table 1). For example, if you are trading a $50,000 account, and you choose a risk management stop loss of 2%, you could risk up to $1,000 on any given trade.

What is the best risk management in trading? ›

10 Rules of Risk Management
  • Always use Take Profit and Stop Loss orders.
  • Never leave open positions unattended.
  • Record your performance and adjust as you progress.
  • Avoid high volatility periods like economic news releases.
  • Avoid making emotional decisions when trading.

What is the ideal risk to reward for swing trading? ›

A common approach for setting profit targets in swing trading is to aim for a minimum reward-to-risk ratio of 3:1, meaning that for every percentage point risked, the trader aims to make three times that amount.

What is the most high risk low reward? ›

From a social perspective, a high-risk low-reward is Cheating. The risk of cheating when you are 'happily' married with family/kids is very high because the repurcussion and ultimate consequences is destruction of your family and possibly your career or life, depending on the individual situation.

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